Posts Tagged ‘Memcache’

linux memcache安装于配置

linux下Memcache服务器端的安装
服务器端主要是安装memcache服务器端,目前的最新版本是 memcached-1.3.0 。
下载:

http://memcached.googlecode.com/files/memcached-1.2.8.tar.gz

http://pecl.php.net/get/memcache-1.2.tgz

另外,Memcache用到了libevent这个库用于Socket的处理,所以还需要安装libevent,libevent的最新版本是libevent-1.3。(如果你的系统已经安装了libevent,可以不用安装)
官网:http://www.monkey.org/~provos/libevent/
下载:http://www.monkey.org/~provos/libevent-1.4.11-stable.tar.gz

用wget指令直接下载这两个东西.下载回源文件后。
1.先安装libevent。这个东西在配置时需要指定一个安装路径,即./configure –prefix=/usr;然后make;然后make install;
2.再安装memcached,只是需要在配置时需要指定libevent的安装路径即./configure –with-libevent=/usr;然后make;然后make install;
这样就完成了Linux下Memcache服务器端的安装。详细的方法如下:

1.分别把memcached和libevent下载回来,放到 /tmp 目录下:
# cd /tmp
# wget http://www.danga.com/memcached/dist/memcached-1.2.0.tar.gz
# wget http://www.monkey.org/~provos/libevent-1.2.tar.gz

2.先安装libevent:
# ./configure –prefix=/usr
# make
# make install

还不错,都安装上了。

3.安装memcached,同时需要安装中指定libevent的安装位置:

# ./configure –with-libevent=/usr
# make
# make install
如果中间出现报错,请仔细检查错误信息,按照错误信息来配置或者增加相应的库或者路径。
安装完成后会把memcached放到 /usr/local/bin/memcached ,

4.测试是否成功安装memcached:
# ls -al /usr/local/bin/mem*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 137986 11?? 12 17:39 /usr/local/bin/memcached
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 140179 11?? 12 17:39 /usr/local/bin/memcached-debug

安装Memcache的PHP扩展
1.在http://pecl.php.net/package/memcache 选择相应想要下载的memcache版本。
2.安装PHP的memcache扩展

tar vxzf memcache-2.2.1.tgz
cd memcache-2.2.1
/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
./configure –enable-memcache –with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config –with-zlib-dir
make
make install

3.上述安装完后会有类似这样的提示:

Installing shared extensions: /usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-2007xxxx/

4.把php.ini中的extension_dir = “./”修改为

extension_dir = “/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-2007xxxx/”

5.添加一行来载入memcache扩展:extension=memcache.so

memcached的基本设置:
1.启动Memcache的服务器端:
# /usr/local/bin/memcached -d -m 10 -u root -l 192.168.0.200 -p 12000 -c 256 -P /tmp/memcached.pid

-d选项是启动一个守护进程,
-m是分配给Memcache使用的内存数量,单位是MB,我这里是10MB,
-u是运行Memcache的用户,我这里是root,
-l是监听的服务器IP地址,如果有多个地址的话,我这里指定了服务器的IP地址192.168.0.200,
-p是设置Memcache监听的端口,我这里设置了12000,最好是1024以上的端口,
-c选项是最大运行的并发连接数,默认是1024,我这里设置了256,按照你服务器的负载量来设定,
-P是设置保存Memcache的pid文件,我这里是保存在 /tmp/memcached.pid,

2.如果要结束Memcache进程,执行:

# kill `cat /tmp/memcached.pid`

也可以启动多个守护进程,不过端口不能重复。

3.重启apache,service httpd restart

Memcache环境测试:
运行下面的php文件,如果有输出This is a test!,就表示环境搭建成功。开始领略Memcache的魅力把!
< ?php
$mem = new Memcache;
$mem->connect(”127.0.0.1″, 11211);
$mem->set(’key’, ‘This is a test!’, 0, 60);
$val = $mem->get(’key’);
echo $val;
?>

memcached telnet操作

telnet localhost 11211
//保存
set good 32 0 10
helloworld
STORED

//取回
gets good
VALUE good 32 10 10
helloworld
END

//替换
replace good 32 0 10
worldhello
STORED
get good
VALUE good 32 10
worldhello
END

//尾部添加
append good 32 0 5
after
STORED
get good
VALUE good 32 15
worldhelloafter
END

//头部添加
prepend good 32 0 6
before
STORED
get good
VALUE good 32 21
beforeworldhelloafter
END

//删除
delete good
DELETED
get good
END

delete good
NOT_FOUND

cas good 32 0 10 hel
helloworld
EXISTS

gets good
VALUE good 32 10 10
helloworld
END

cas bad 32 0 10 good
worldhello
NOT_FOUND

//统计
stats items
STAT items:1:number 1
STAT items:1:age 24
STAT items:1:evicted 0
STAT items:1:outofmemory 0
END

stats sizes
96 1
END

stats slabs
STAT 1:chunk_size 88
STAT 1:chunks_per_page 11915
STAT 1:total_pages 1
STAT 1:total_chunks 11915
STAT 1:used_chunks 11914
STAT 1:free_chunks 1
STAT 1:free_chunks_end 11913
STAT 2:chunk_size 112
STAT 2:chunks_per_page 9362
STAT 2:total_pages 1
STAT 2:total_chunks 9362
STAT 2:used_chunks 9361
STAT 2:free_chunks 1
STAT 2:free_chunks_end 9361
STAT 5:chunk_size 232
STAT 5:chunks_per_page 4519
STAT 5:total_pages 1
STAT 5:total_chunks 4519
STAT 5:used_chunks 4518
STAT 5:free_chunks 1
STAT 5:free_chunks_end 4518
STAT active_slabs 3
STAT total_malloced 3145472
END

stats items
STAT items:1:number 1
STAT items:1:age 1768
STAT items:1:evicted 0
STAT items:1:outofmemory 0
END

stats
STAT pid 18261
STAT uptime 528593
STAT time 1237277383
STAT version 1.2.6
STAT pointer_size 32
STAT rusage_user 0.004999
STAT rusage_system 0.015997
STAT curr_items 1
STAT total_items 2
STAT bytes 66
STAT curr_connections 2
STAT total_connections 13
STAT connection_structures 3
STAT cmd_get 11
STAT cmd_set 8
STAT get_hits 2
STAT get_misses 9
STAT evictions 0
STAT bytes_read 1342
STAT bytes_written 8752
STAT limit_maxbytes 134217728
STAT threads 1
END

使用usr/bin/perl /root/memcached-1.2.6/scripts/memcached-tool localhost:11211
output
# Item_Size Max_age 1MB_pages Count Full?
1 88 B 1531 s 1 1 no
2 112 B 0 s 1 0 no
5 232 B 0 s 1 0 no

# slab class编号
Item_Size Chunk大小
Max_age LRU内最旧的记录的生存时间
1MB_pages 分配给Slab的页数
Count Slab内的记录数
Full? Slab内是否含有空闲chunktelnet localhost 11211
//保存
set good 32 0 10
helloworld
STORED

//取回
gets good
VALUE good 32 10 10
helloworld
END

//替换
replace good 32 0 10
worldhello
STORED
get good
VALUE good 32 10
worldhello
END

//尾部添加
append good 32 0 5
after
STORED
get good
VALUE good 32 15
worldhelloafter
END

//头部添加
prepend good 32 0 6
before
STORED
get good
VALUE good 32 21
beforeworldhelloafter
END

//删除
delete good
DELETED
get good
END

delete good
NOT_FOUND

cas good 32 0 10 hel
helloworld
EXISTS

gets good
VALUE good 32 10 10
helloworld
END

cas bad 32 0 10 good
worldhello
NOT_FOUND

//统计
stats items
STAT items:1:number 1
STAT items:1:age 24
STAT items:1:evicted 0
STAT items:1:outofmemory 0
END

stats sizes
96 1
END

stats slabs
STAT 1:chunk_size 88
STAT 1:chunks_per_page 11915
STAT 1:total_pages 1
STAT 1:total_chunks 11915
STAT 1:used_chunks 11914
STAT 1:free_chunks 1
STAT 1:free_chunks_end 11913
STAT 2:chunk_size 112
STAT 2:chunks_per_page 9362
STAT 2:total_pages 1
STAT 2:total_chunks 9362
STAT 2:used_chunks 9361
STAT 2:free_chunks 1
STAT 2:free_chunks_end 9361
STAT 5:chunk_size 232
STAT 5:chunks_per_page 4519
STAT 5:total_pages 1
STAT 5:total_chunks 4519
STAT 5:used_chunks 4518
STAT 5:free_chunks 1
STAT 5:free_chunks_end 4518
STAT active_slabs 3
STAT total_malloced 3145472
END

stats items
STAT items:1:number 1
STAT items:1:age 1768
STAT items:1:evicted 0
STAT items:1:outofmemory 0
END

stats
STAT pid 18261
STAT uptime 528593
STAT time 1237277383
STAT version 1.2.6
STAT pointer_size 32
STAT rusage_user 0.004999
STAT rusage_system 0.015997
STAT curr_items 1
STAT total_items 2
STAT bytes 66
STAT curr_connections 2
STAT total_connections 13
STAT connection_structures 3
STAT cmd_get 11
STAT cmd_set 8
STAT get_hits 2
STAT get_misses 9
STAT evictions 0
STAT bytes_read 1342
STAT bytes_written 8752
STAT limit_maxbytes 134217728
STAT threads 1
END

使用usr/bin/perl /root/memcached-1.2.6/scripts/memcached-tool localhost:11211
output
# Item_Size Max_age 1MB_pages Count Full?
1 88 B 1531 s 1 1 no
2 112 B 0 s 1 0 no
5 232 B 0 s 1 0 no

# slab class编号
Item_Size Chunk大小
Max_age LRU内最旧的记录的生存时间
1MB_pages 分配给Slab的页数
Count Slab内的记录数
Full? Slab内是否含有空闲chunk

web服务器高连接参数配置

Linux下高并发的Squid,Nginx,Memcache服务器,TCP TIME_WAIT套接字数量经常达到两、三万,服务器很容易被拖死。通过修改Linux内核参数,可以减少Squid服务器的TIME_WAIT套接字数量。
  
vi /etc/sysctl.conf

  增加以下几行:
引用
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 1200
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 8192
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 5000

  说明:
  net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1 表示开启SYN Cookies。当出现SYN等待队列溢出时,启用cookies来处理,可防范少量SYN攻击,默认为0,表示关闭;
  net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1 表示开启重用。允许将TIME-WAIT sockets重新用于新的TCP连接,默认为0,表示关闭;
  net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1 表示开启TCP连接中TIME-WAIT sockets的快速回收,默认为0,表示关闭。
  net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30 表示如果套接字由本端要求关闭,这个参数决定了它保持在FIN-WAIT-2状态的时间。
  net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 1200 表示当keepalive起用的时候,TCP发送keepalive消息的频度。缺省是2小时,改为20分钟。
  net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000 表示用于向外连接的端口范围。缺省情况下很小:32768到61000,改为1024到65000。
  net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 8192 表示SYN队列的长度,默认为1024,加大队列长度为8192,可以容纳更多等待连接的网络连接数。
  net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 5000 表示系统同时保持TIME_WAIT套接字的最大数量,如果超过这个数字,TIME_WAIT套接字将立刻被清除并打印警告信息。默认为180000,改为5000。对于Apache、Nginx等服务器,上几行的参数可以很好地减少TIME_WAIT套接字数量,但是对于Squid,效果却不大。此项参数可以控制TIME_WAIT套接字的最大数量,避免Squid服务器被大量的TIME_WAIT套接字拖死。

  执行以下命令使配置生效:

/sbin/sysctl -p